Published: March 15, 2003Received: -Available on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010Accepted: -
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Date of correction: June 28, 2010Reason for correction: -Correction: CITATIONDetails: Right : 1 The classic work of research on Hokkaido herring fertilizer trading is Satoru Nakanishi's Kinsei-kindai no shijo kozo:Matsumae nishin hiryo torihiki no kenkyu[The market structure in the early modern and modern eras in Japan:The study of business connection with"Matsumae herring" fertilizer](Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1998). 4 Shigeyuki Hirano,Osaka Utsubo hiryo shijo enkaku shi[A history of the development of the fertilizer market in Utsubo,Osaka](Osaka:The Osaka Fertilizer Wholesale Trade Association,1941),p.52. 5 The use of Kanto dried sardines and Hokkaido fish fertilizers,which had been used principally in the farming communities of the Omi region from the eighteenth century,spread to farming communities in the Kinki region through the activities of Osaka fertilizer merchants in the mid-nineteenth century,around the time of the Meiji Restoration.See Masamichi Mizuhara,"Meiji zenki ryutsu kiko saihen katei ni okeru ichirei"[One instance in the process of reorganizing early Meiji distribution mechanisms],Shiga Daigaku Keizai Gakubu Shiryokan kenkyu kiyo[Research bulletin of the Historical Materials Archives,Faculty of Economics,Shiga University,]15(1982).The article"Marine Transport Management in Early-Modern Japan,"by Masahiro Uemura,can provide abundant background material on the commercial activities of Osaka merchants in Hokkaido;see Japanese Yearbook on Business History15(1998):119-44. 7 "Osaka Koemono Sho Kumiai enkaku shi"[A history of the development of the Osaka Fertilizer Merchants Association],in Osaka keizai shiryo shusei[A compilation of historical materials on Osaka economies],ed.Mataji Miyamoto,vol.5(Osaka:Osaka Chamber of Commerce,1974),p.169. 12 Unosuke Maeda,"Hanshin chiho yomo,keorimono,uokasu oyobi mamekasu hokokusho"[A report on wool,woolen fabrics,fish fertilizers,and soybean meal in the Osaka-Kobe region](Higher Commercial School,1899),p.69. 14 Nisshin Oil Mills,Ltd.,Nisshin Seiyu Kabushiki Kaisha rokujunen shi[A sixty-year history of Nisshin Oil Mills](Tokyo:Nisshin Oil Mill,Ltd.,1969),p.53. 15 See Yunosuke Yasukawa,Mitsui Bussan hitto jomu Yasukawa Yunosuke no shogai[The life of Yunosuke Yasukawa,top managing director of Mitsui&Co.](Tokyo:Toyo Keizai shinposha,1966),p.62;and Mitsui&Co.,"Meiji sanju-roku-nendo kamihanki jigyo hokoku"[Report on first-term operations in fiscal1903],p.4. 16 Mitsui&Co.,"Meiji sanju-nana-nendo jigyo hokoku"[Report on operations in fiscal1904],p.22;Mitsui&Co.,Kohon Mitsui Bussan Kabushiki Kaisha hyakunen shi[Draft manuscript:A hundred years of Mitsui&Co.] (Tokyo:Nihon Keieishi Kenkyusho,1978),p.380. 17 Mitsui&Co.,"Beikoku hiryo uchiawasekai gijiroku"[Minutes of the Rice and Fertilizer Division's consultative meetings],1907,p.141. 18 Ibid.,p.4. 19 The Life of Yunosuke Yasukawa,Top Managing Director of MitsuiεCo.,pp.80-82. 20 "Minutes of the Rice and Fertilizer Division's Consultative Meetings,"p.154. 24 Yasuji Matsukawa,"Hondo ni okeru kaisan hiryo ni kansuru chosa-toko ni okeru kaisan hiryo shusan no gaikyo oyobi sho torihiki kanshu chosa"[A survey regarding marine-product fertilizers in Hokkaido;Appendix:a survey of the general situation of the collection and distribution of marine-product fertilizers in this port and also of commercial transaction practices](Otaru Higher Commercial School,1914),pp.97-108. 31 Japan Nitrogenous Fertilizer Co.,Nippon Chisso Hiryo jigyo taikan[An overview of Japan Nitrogenous Fertilizer operations](Osaka:Japan Nitrogenous Fertilizer,1937),p.455. 32 In1922,when Suzuki&Co.reorganized itself,the fertilizer production arm was set up as an independent company,the Hohnen Oil Co.,Ltd.See the company history:Yoshio Uesugi,ed.,Honen Seiyu Kabushiki Kaisha yonjunen shi[Forty years of Hohnen Oil Co.,Ltd.](Tokyo:Hohnen Oil Co.,Ltd.,1963),pp.7-10. 33 Nisshin Soybean Meal Mfg.Co.,was renamed Nisshin Oil Mills,Ltd.in1918.See A Sixty-Year History of Nisshin Oil Mills(cited in note14above),pp.74-76. 35"Ledger of All Purchases,"1918(contained in Hiroumi-ke monjo)