The low dose considered here is about 2R in 40 years which corresponds to the difference in the highest and the lowest background radiations in several prefectures in Japan. Examples of risk are cancer of adults (40-79 years old) and of childhood (0-9 years old) and childhood vital statistics. The quantity of risk is to be expressed in 10-5 Y-1 for cancers and in 10-3 Y-1 for childhood vital statistics with standard deviation (SD) which gives uncertainties of estimates. Risk factors of the ICRP1) are given in terms of 10-2 ?? 10-5 Sv-1. The risk factors provide convenient measures for point assessment of lifetime detriment after the relevant population is expired. But the risk factor is not satisfactory for public health purposes because it does not give annual rate nor statistical variation of the total detriment. The purpose of this report is to supplement some insufficiency of risk estimation.
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