Abstract
Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) have two driving modes, which are known as charge-depleting (CD) mode and charge-sustaining (CS) mode. The environmental performance of a PHV differs based on the distance between the start and end in the case of a trip in which the PHV switches from CD mode to CS mode. This paper focuses on the low-carbon effect and energy cost reduction effect of PHVs and numerically describes the dependence of these effects on the distance traveled. It also reports new knowledge obtained through a detailed analysis and examination of the equations.
