Abstract
A muscle controller with two feedback controls for posture and reaction forces imparted at a steering wheel and pedals was developed for more accurate predictions of relaxed- and tensed-occupant kinematics in pre-crash or low-speed frontal crash situations. We applied the muscle controller to a human body finite element model with whole-body muscles called THUMS version 5, and predicted occupant kinematics in a pre-crash event with autonomous emergency brakes. Simulation results with posture control and total control of posture and reaction forces showed similar tendency for relaxed- and tensed-volunteer data obtained from the literature, respectively.
