Abstract
This study examines the Automated Driving System Marker Lamp, an external HMI for automated vehicles. A lamp unit capable of emitting blue-green light was installed on the vehicle’s front roof. An indoor evaluation experiment simulating nighttime conditions was conducted to assess the impact of luminous intensity, modulation patterns, and modulation cycle on the lamp’s visibility, annoyance, glare, and the perception of the direction-indicator. Results suggest that excessive luminous intensity or short modulation cycles increase both annoyance and glare, and impair the perception of the direction-indicator, suggesting these setting may be inappropriate.
