Pulverization and Vapourizaion Effects in Adding Water or Ethanol into Fuels for Agricultral Electric Ignition Engines

Abstract

As a method for the addition of water or ethanol into gasoline or kerosene for agricultural electric ignition engines, pulverization and vapourization method was studied, and the following results were obtained.
(i) As the result of theoretical calculation of vapourizing speed constants for fuels and added materials, the constants of water and ethanol were turned out very small in comparison with the constats of gasoline and ethanol. Thus, pulverization and vapourization method is considered to be effective for the addition of water and ethanol.
(ii) When operating conditions of engine is the same, the weight of inhaled air does not change by air/fuel ratio and the quantity of added water or ethanol
(iii) When water is simply added to fuel, engine can not be operated smoothly, but by pulverization and vapourization of the mixture, engine is smoothly operated upto 70%(wt) water addition. The suitable quantity of water addition for the decreasing of NO_x, without lowering engine performance, is thought to be about 50%(wt) of gasoline. In this case, engine performance is decreased a little compared with the case of pulverized and vapourized gasoline, but far better than that of ordinary supply of gasoline, and No_x is decreased up to 80%.
(iv) Simple addition of ethanol into gasoline lowers engine output and thermal efficiency, but they were improved by pulverization and vapourization. NO_x is not decreased by ethanol addition, but increased by pulverization and vapourization. However, when the combination of heating quantity and ignition timing are adjusted to get maximum output, NO_x is decreased to almost the same as in the case of simple ethanol addition.