Quantitative Analysis of Tofu Microstructure with Different Coagulant Concentrations Based on Geometric Parameters and Haralick Texture Features

Abstract

The physical properties of tofu are greatly affected by microstructural properties, which have yet to be quantitatively analyzed. In this study, the microstructure of tofu made with 3 different coagulant concentrations was quantified using geometric parameters and Haralick texture features. As an indicator of hardness, Young’s modulus increased as coagulant concentration increased. Among the geometric parameters, the hole number increased while the mean size of the holes decreased with coagulant concentration increase, and porosity significantly decreased at the highest coagulant concentration. Among Haralick texture features, Sum Variance showed the highest loading in the principal component analysis with the highest value at middle coagulant concentration. Thus, microstructural characteristics of tofu have a potential to be an indicator of the physical qualities.