2025 Volume 2025 Article ID: 250201
Layered MAX phases (M: transition metal, A: III-A, IV-A group elements, X: C or N) are the parent materials of MXenes, which have recently received attention as a new atomic layer system and are known as industrial materials for applications owing to their excellent properties, which combine the characteristics of both metals and ceramics. Meanwhile, the bulk electronic structure of MAX phases has primarily been investigated using computational methods, primarily because well-characterized single crystals are few. This review presents anomalous electronic states such as Dirac points and line nodes, which have been observed in recent electronic structure studies pertaining to MAX phase single-crystals using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. These states are expected to result in unique topological quantum transport in MAX phases.