The Use of D_l, D₂ and D₃ Genes in Wheat and Triticale Breeding for Getting Short Competitive Forms

Abstract

The varieties of spring wheat Druzhina 1 (d1D2D3), Salute (D1d2d3) and Saratovskaya 29 (d1D2d3 ; d1d2D3) with genes for hybrid dwarfness and triticale variety Inia Armadillo "S" (2n=42) were used as parent materials. The crosses between the two wheat varieties (Druzhina 1 and Salute) and a triticale variety resulted into 30∼40% narrovv-leaved F₁ interspecific hydrids, which were not observed in crosses with wheat varieties without genes for hybrid dwarfness. Backcrosses of F₁ narrow-leaved hybrids with Druzhina 1 and Salute gave 50∼60% plants with extremely narrow-leaves and higher fertility. The narrow-leaved forms of dwarf and semidwarf wheats possessed some valuable traits from rye via triticale, viz. pubescent upper internodes, hairy spikes and stem solidness which were absent in the wheat varieties used. Thus it is possible to get short competitive (short stemmed, narrow- and few-leaved) forms of wheat and triticale which are capable of producing higher seed rates and able to utilize the natural resources more rationally.