Abstract
Biotype is a biological classification of psychiatric disorders that is not limited to conventional diagnostic methods based on symptoms. This biological classification is based on patient measurement data, and is intended to examine the relationship with treatment responsiveness and eventually lead to new diagnostic criteria. In recent years, classification studies that are not based on a specific hypothesis, but are obtained using methods such as machine learning, have become popular. As a biotype of schizophrenia, intermediate phenotypes such as cognitive function, neurophysiological function, and brain neuroimaging, which are biological phenotypes that differ from normal subjects in schizophrenia, are often considered. Examples of biotype Ⅰ, “within the framework of the current diagnosis based on symptoms and course,” include clozapine treatment of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, while biotype Ⅱ, “without any consideration of the current diagnosis based on symptoms and course, ” defines treatment responsiveness to a common outcome measure for all patients. The current status and prospects of Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ will be outlined.
