Advantages and disadvantages of two‐photon microscopy in basic research of brain diseases and the potential of emerging quantum measurement technologies

Abstract

Two‐photon microscopy enables the observation of neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels in the brains of experimental animals, elucidating cellular interactions at the microscopic level. While this technique is effective for studying brain mechanisms and disease, it is difficult to evaluate diverse intracellular changes. Nanodiamond‐based quantum sensor technology, capable of measuring quantities such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, and electric field, can address this issue. Successful measurements in organisms like nematodes and rodents suggest that quantum sensors are a powerful tool for comprehensive analysis of the intracellular state, promising broad applications in biomedical research.