Abstract
This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) constitutive model for non-linear finite element (FE) analysis of reinforced concrete with special attention to cracked concrete. Post-cracking formulations derived from uni-axial tension are generalised to the spatially arbitrarily inclined cracks with multi-direction. Anisotropic concrete tension fracture and reinforcement mean yield levels of the spatially averaged RC-model in association with a 3D RC-zoning concept are discussed. The proposed model is verified by numerically simulating inherently 3D shear failure of RC members subjected to torsion and RC short columns loaded in multi-directional shear.
