Abstract
The present study focuses on input loss of deeply embedded foundations that support bridges and viaducts. It is predicted that the strain dependency of soil dominates when subjected to strong earthquakes. Moreover, slippage and separation occur at the interface between soil and the sidewall of the foundations, as well as the yielding of soil near the foundations. In this research, analytical studies are performed to simulate the resonant curves obtained from the vibration tests by means of the analytical method developed for estimating the effective seismic motion and the rocking impedance directly under such nonlinear conditions. In conclusion, the effect of input loss tends to increase as the compounded nonlinearity dominates, especially due to the nonlinear behavior of soil near the foundations.
