Abstract
The objective of this paper is to clarify uses and requirements of performance measures/indicators for road maintenance management in the leading countries of New Public Management and gain an insight into how maintenance management should be improved, in prospect of the introduction of benchmarking into and the development of performance assessment in maintenance management of road facilities in Japan. With the recognition that the performance of roads and road administration is easy to understand for the public in maintenance phase, focusing on human-road interface facilities, the paper reveals that management tools such as maintenance criteria and performance standards play an important role in facilitating a management cycle under a two-layer structure consisting of a headquarter and branch offices of road administration.