Density Current Flux due to Bubble Plume in Reservoirs

Abstract

 The bubble plume structure and secondary surface flow rate occuring in ambient water bodiy of reservoirs were investigated by field observation from the point of view of practical engineering. Only Type 1 bubble plume occurs because of low plume number (P_N) of practical conditions. The structure of density current due to the bubble plume in wide area consists of three layer horizontal currents. The surface flow of the density current can be estimated a power law for bubble depth, air flow rate and ambient stratification based on the field survey results. Simple model for estimating the surface flow rate are proposed. Application methods from the point of view of the practical engineering are discussed.