ENERGY LOSS AT THREE-WAY CIRCULAR MANHOLE UNDER SURCHARGE FLOW

Abstract

The energy loss at manholes in a storm sewer network is often compared with the friction loss in pipes under a surcharge flow. It is important to estimate the energy loss at manholes exactly in the design of a storm sewer network and in a flood-analysis. Some researchers have already investigated the energy loss at three-way manholes. However, the relationship between the energy loss and the water depth in manholes has not been enough studied yet. In this study, the effect of the water depth and the ratio of the flow rates in the lateral and in the downstream pipes on the energy loss at a three-way circular manhole was investigated. This study also proposed a modified formula for energy loss coefficients described in Urban Drainage Design Manual, USA (2001) for the three-way manhole.