2024 Volume 80 Issue 17 Article ID: 24-17056
The predictive equations are widely used to estimate the initial water level of tsunamis caused by submarine landslides. However, the equations are based on numerical analyses under limited conditions and may give unrealistic solutions when the conditions are unmet. In this study, we propose a method to obtain a reasonable solution under a broader range of conditions. Through comparison with numerical and other analyses, we show the restrictions that should be added to the equation depending on the landslide submergence depth and travel distance and how to select the applicable equation of landslide type focusing on the initial acceleration. It was also confirmed that the double Gaussian distribution can reproduce the spatial waveforms obtained by hydraulic experiments with an appropriate selection of coefficients. Furthermore, we showed that the landslide velocity, which affects the water level, can be reproduced by adjusting parameters such as the drag coefficient in the equations. The impact of the parameters on the tsunami water level was also confirmed by the analysis of the 2018 Sulawesi tsunami.
