2024 Volume 80 Issue 17 Article ID: 24-17227
The effects of long-term changes in surface heat flux and open water fluctuations on the water temperature in Tokyo Bay were investigated. Firstly, we developed a method to estimate the surface heat flux over Tokyo Bay, and focused on the equilibrium water temperature as an indicator of the effect of long-term changes in the surface heat flux. We find that the equilibrium water temperature tends to increase at the same level as the surface air temperature. We also reveal that not only longwave radiation but also shortwave radiation is responsible for the increase of the equilibrium water temperature. Secondly, the hydrodynamic simulations around Tokyo Bay were conducted for the recent period (2010-2020). The changes in open water temperature levels in the first and second half of this period may have influenced the winter surface water temperature fluctuations in Tokyo Bay.
