2025 Volume 81 Issue 22 Article ID: 24-22014
GIS can currently load three-dimensional building models online, but most of the models are LOD 1 block models without textures. In this study, in order to improve the accuracy of the model shape from the block shape of LOD 1 to the opening shape of LOD 3, the dimensions of the building components were measured using TS opposite side measurements and the laser distance meter, and these measurements were used to model the openings, pilotis, pillars, verandas, windows, rooftop, and exterior wall exhaust vents using GIS. In addition, the side view photographs were attached in order to apply high accuracy textures to the model. The aspect ratios for distortion correction were determined from the actual measured values. As the result, we were able to create the model with highly accuracy textures at LOD 3.
