Abstract
Underground spaces, such as underground mall, subway stations and basements, are prone to inundations caused by pluvial and fluvial flood, storm surge and tsunami. Many Japanese cities are located in low-lying area and have these underground spaces. As devastating inundation damages are anticipated if these spaces would be inundated, safe evacuation planning should be made as soon as possible. In this paper, factors for improving evacuation rate in safety from these spaces are discussed on the basis of simulating behavior of persons in evacuation from a large scale underground shopping mall. From the results, it is found that the safe evacuation rate depends on the rate of congestion and that evacuation into a connecting building is very important to improve the rate of safe evacuation. These results are useful to make an evacuation plan.
