Cancer after kidney transplantation

Abstract

The development of immunosuppressive (IS) medications and sophisticated IS regimens has significantly improved both recipient and graft survival following kidney transplantation. Maintaining appropriate levels of immunosuppressive drugs is crucial, as it helps prevent the development of de novo donor-specific antibodies and rejection. However, even when IS levels are properly managed, cancer can still occur. The incidence of cancer in kidney transplant recipients is markedly higher than in the general population and in patients undergoing dialysis, primarily due to long-term immunosuppression. Among transplant recipients, cancer is the leading cause of mortality, followed by infections and cardiovascular events. This summary discusses the impact of cancer on graft and recipient survival, identifies risk factors for cancer development, evaluates the role of various IS medications and regimens in cancer incidence, and explores management strategies after cancer diagnosis.