Abstract
We have developed measurement techniques of thermoelectric properties for Bi nanowire encased in quartz based on the measurement for bulk thermoelectric materials. Though internal impedance of the nanowire would be increased due to its narrower wire diameter, 4-wire probe measurement has been required to obtain the proper evaluation. Therefore, nano-fabrication techniques using dual focused-ion-beam apparatus have also developed to make suitable electrical contact on the side of the nanowire locally. As a result, we are able to introduce 4-wire probe measurement for the nanowire to estimate the physical properties in generalized Ohm's law even if internal impedance of the nanowire is large.
https://ror.org/02evnh647 
