2025 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 19-31
Traditionally, the transmission routes of respiratory infections have been classified into droplet and airborne transmissions based on particle size. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted a re-evaluation of this distinction. In early 2024, the World Health Organization introduced the concept of infectious respiratory particles (IRP) and abolished the traditional classification system. IRPs are capable of mediating infections through airborne transmission, direct deposition, and contact. This paradigm shift has underscored the importance of updated infection control measures, including enhanced airborne precautions and the critical role of ventilation. Furthermore, the efficacy of personal protective equipment, such as N95 respirators, surgical masks, gowns, and gloves, has been reaffirmed.
This review highlights pathogens transmitted via IRPs and explores practical measures for infection control in clinical settings, with a particular focus on viral respiratory infections. Furthermore, it aims to provide a new perspective on infection control strategies.
