Abstract
We retrospectively investigated the incidence of genitourinary tract infection following TUEB in 209 patients, after excluding those who underwent concurrent cystolithotripsy（n=18）or prostate biopsy（n=14）procedures.
As antibiotics for prophylaxis, first-generation cephalosporin was the most frequently used, in 50.2%, followed by second-generation cephalosporin, in 39.2%, while a single dose was the most frequent, in 37.8%, and two-days administration was prescribed for 27.8%.
The rate of genitourinary tract infection following TUEB was 2.9%, which included acute prostatitis in 1.9% and acute epididymitis in 1.0%.
The preoperative residual urine volume was a significant risk factor for febrile infection（P=0.04）. There was no significant difference between the single- and multiple-dose groups regarding the incidence of febrile infection in the presence of preoperative pyuria（P=1.00, 1.00, respectively）.
To determine the optimal dosing period for prophylactic antibiotic administration in TUEB patients, a prospective randomized study is essential.
