Overview of the Latest Kidney Stone Treatments

Abstract

  In the treatment of urolithiasis, new technologies are being developed to perform surgical procedures safely and effectively. This article summarizes the indications and scope of treatment based on the latest evidence. While advancements in endoscopic technology have facilitated the widespread adoption of minimally invasive surgery, postoperative complications remain a significant concern. The thulium fiber laser, compared to traditional holmium lasers, offers higher energy efficiency, the generation of finer stone fragments, and a reduction in residual stone rates. Additionally, the introduction of renal pelvic pressure control devices and suction-equipped access sheaths has enabled better intraoperative pressure management, contributing to improved safety.

  Moreover, robotic technologies have reduced the physical burden on surgeons, enhanced operational precision, and expanded applicability to complex cases. However, challenges such as high costs and steep learning curves have hindered their broader adoption. Artificial intelligence shows promise for predicting treatment success rates in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and optimizing personalized care for patients. Nevertheless, the development of technologies for real-time tracking of stone positions and evaluation of fragmentation efficacy remains a future challenge.

  In conclusion, urolithiasis treatment continues to evolve toward minimally invasive approaches, improved patient quality of life, and enhanced safety. It is essential to remember that the safest treatment is avoiding surgery whenever possible. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate selection of surgical indications, careful device selection, risk assessment, and preventive measures are all critical. It is hoped that this article will serve as a valuable resource for readers involved in urolithiasis management.