Abstract
1H-NMR based metabolomics was applied in carp plasma orally exposed to heavy A oil (1% in fish food) for 2 weeks. Plasma samples were collected at 0 (immediately before) , 1, and 2-week after exposure to heavy oil. 1H-NMR spectra were data-reduced and analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) to show the time-dependent biochemical variations induced by heavy oil toxicity. Concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) composed heavy oil increased from 51.5 ng/g-dry to 568 ng/g-dry during exposure period, and carp certainly absorbed heavy oil. Metabolic effects in plasma from exposed carp indicated that lipids had been increasing during exposure period. In addition, plasma spectra showed increases of isoleucine, leucine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and myoinositol from 0 to 1-week. These changes could be induced to the hepatic and renal toxicity by exposure heavy oil. These metabolites except for isoleucine, alanine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate decreased at 2-week, and liver and kidney tended to recover from the toxicity damages.
