Various toxicity assessment of mixtures in the environment: History and recent trend of mixture studies and challenges and perspectives in the implementation into the chemical regulation in Japan

Abstract

Due to the recent increase in the number of low production volume chemicals and the need for mixture effects have become proposed by many researchers. The history and recent trend of mixture studies in the environmental toxicology is extensively reviewed for both component-based and whole mixture approaches. The challenges/perspectives in the implementation of mixture assessment/management into the current chemical regulation in Japan are also discussed.