Abstract
Paraergasilus longidigitus YIN, 1954 is recorded for the first time from Japan. It lives in the nasal cavities of four species of freshwater fishes: Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus), Pelteobagrus nudiceps (SAUVAGE), Pseudogobio esocinus (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL), and Carassius auratus cuvieri TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL. A key to eleven species of Ergasilidae occurring on Japanese freshwater fishes is also given.