Technical Development of the Multi-Anvil High-Pressure-Temperature Apparatus and its Application to Study of the Earth's Interior

Abstract

This paper reviews three recently developed multi-anvil techniques. The first technique is the elevation of the pressure limit generated using carbide anvils from 26 GPa to 52 GPa. This increase has been achieved by high-hardness carbide for anvils, tapering of anvil faces around the truncation, high-precision guide blocks, and effective thermal insulation. The second is the expansion of conditions quenching silicate melts to glasses at high pressures, which has been achieved by increasing cooling rate using small furnace volumes, thermally conductive assembly, and external cooling system, which has enabled the synthesis of hydrous ultramafic glasses. The third is a uniform temperature fields with a temperature gradient of less than 10 K/mm, which has been achieved by the zero-temperature gradient furnace consisting of a central cylindrical heater with two heating rods on both ends.