Abstract
Surface soil environment was characterized using a multi-frequency electromagnetic wave (EM) sensor. Five frequencies were applied so that we obtained vertical profile of the domain. Forest under different management, winter-ponded paddy field, orchard and tea farm in hilly mountainside and orchard in plain field were investigated. Surface electrical conductivity obtained by Wenner array has the highest correlation with 47970Hz data, showing it is the appropriate frequency for surface soil investigation. Several tens milli-Siemens data obtained by EM sounding corresponded very well with the EC obtained by traditional method. Conductivity data successfully showed management induced changes in soil environment by conductivity map along with vertical conductivity profile.
