Utilizing Cerebral Multimodality Monitoring in Clinical Practice: Approaches and Methods

Abstract

Primary brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, can cause intricate progressive pathophysiological changes, including cerebral edema and seizures, which could contribute to secondary brain injuries. The brain's fragility also allows irreversible damage of the brain, even within a short period. Cerebral multimodality monitoring (MMM), which includes multiple indicators (e.g., intracranial pressure monitoring, electroencephalography, and so on) to assess multidimensional brain function, is essential, as it allows us to optimize advanced care and minimize the risk of secondary brain injuries. However, no standards have been established yet for implementation of MMM. Additionally, not all of the devices and technologies that are standard outside of Japan are available in Japan. This review offers a literature-based overview, including highlighting the characteristics of each device utilized for MMM.