Transactions of The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering
Online ISSN : 1884-7242
Print ISSN : 1882-2789
ISSN-L : 1882-2789
Research Papers
Velocity of Sand Particles Transported by Upward Seepage Flow during Sand Boil
Kazunori FUJISAWAShin-ichi NISHIMURAAyumi NAKATANIAkira MURAKAMI
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2012 Volume 80 Issue 5 Pages 409-416

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Abstract
Thus far, the focus of studies on seepage failure, known as sand boiling or the piping phenomenon, has been to determine the critical hydraulic gradient or the critical seepage flow velocity. However, the transport of soil after seepage failure also needs to be well investigated in order to estimate the damage to soil structures or the ground. This study has experimentally investigated the behavior of sand and seepage water during sand boiling induced by upward seepage flow. In the experiments, the discharge of sand particles and seepage water were measured separately during sand boiling, and their migration velocities were obtained with the measurement of the hydraulic gradient. The results have revealed that the equilibrium of the forces exerted on the sand particles, i.e., gravity, buoyancy and fluid-particle interaction, can be used to estimate the velocity of the sand particles subjected to upward seepage flow regardless of the sand type.
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© 2012 The Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering
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