The Necessity of Transparency and Autonomy in Human Decision Making

Hypernudges Driven by Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning Artifacts will not be Considered Original Nudges

Abstract

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are increasingly prevailing in our daily lives. It is about time that not only the benefits and possibilities in the future, but also the risks or concerns regarding the consequences of AI/ML utilization are discussed in detail. The IEEE (2018) and the European Commission (2018) have paid attention to the possibility that the artifacts may become “nudging” tools for users and therefore require ethical considerations. This study considers the requirements of the original nudge that certified as valid and ethical ones, as well as insists that the coined terms “hypernudges” and “digital nudges” that are utilized in new digital technology driven by AI/ML, will not be recognized as the original nudge. Through this study’s consideration, it is revealed that while the two qualifications of the original nudges, transparency and autonomy, are crucial factors in the human decision making, they are currently lacking in hypernudges. It should be kept in mind that the nudging done through the new technologies or applications driven by AI/ML must be vigilant.