Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the general form of how each judgment is decided and observed, both from inside and outside the legal system. “Judging” is to observe society using a legal framework, and therefore case-studies (to observe and analyze actual judgments) involves “observation of observation” in which there are complex networks that consist of multiple social observations.
From the viewpoint of a general legal norm and its interpretation — which is where this study starts from — a judgment is an interpretation of legal norms, the alien in the legal system, a window through which the legal system observes the whole society, the clue to start social communication with other social systems, and the trace of observation by individuals.
