Abstract
Internet of Things is connecting product to product so that we have to move from individual product-focused engineering, which is tree-structured to product team engineering, which is network-structured. In the age of tree-structured engineering, the goal did not change or if it did, the change was very small so we could pay our efforts to establish vertical integration. Every member was expected to play his role and do his best. But today situations change very frequently and extensively so what is called for is fast adaptability. In fact, it is more important now than individual product quality. Products are expected to work flexibly and adaptively as a team to the changes. Thus, in order to secure such adaptability, each product company must make efforts to increase the possibility of working together with other companies. Therefore, the importance of horizontal integration is rapidly increasing.
