This paper studies of the correlation between the mechanical damage and the change in electrical resistance for unidirectional CFRP and CFGFRP (Carbon Fiber/Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) composites. This study is performed using experimental and numerical methods, and the results of two methods are compared. The change of electrical resistance is measured under the conditions of simple tension and loading-unloading, and the failure process of two types of CFRP is investigated using an optical microscope. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to predict the change in electrical resistance due to strain and damage (fracture) of carbon fibers. Through these works, it is revealed that the change of electrical resistance had a close relation with the damage process and there is a good agreement between experimental and predicted results.