The heat release rate analysis was conducted to quantify the spray combustion characteristics of diesel fuel under the very low O_2 concentration condition. It is confirmed that, as the decrease of O_2 concentration, the shape of heat release rate has changed from the normal diesel combustion like one to the smooth heat release rate curve with only one peak. The period which has the negative heat release rate becomes longer with the decrease of O_2 concentration and the existence of fuel decomposition reaction around this period is inferred. The emissions of CO and NO cannot be found in the O_2 concentration region from 8% to 12% .