Characteristics of mean flow and turbulence in the process for generating inflow turbulence conditions using linear forcing and PID control

Abstract

A method combining an extended linear forcing and a PID control was proposed to give adequate inflow turbulence conditions in large-eddy simulations (LES) of spatially developing turbulent flows. A PID algorithm controls a mean flow, while the forcing superimposes turbulence on it for fitting flow characteristics to previously assumed conditions. It was ascertained that the characteristics of mean flow and turbulence generated by the method were close to those previously assumed, though turbulence originated from the forcing could be varied by the interactions with domain boundaries and turbulent boundary layers.