Evacuation speed curve by the tunnel evacuation experiment in smoke

Abstract

For safety measurements in tunnel fires, evacuation speeds and behavior in smoke are ones of the important and fundamental data and are the first step to discuss safe evaluations. Therefore, we conducted using a full scale tunnel filled with smoke in the present study, measured the normal walking and emergency evacuation speeds by subjects. Moreover, evacuation speed curves with extinction coefficient and relations were investigated. As a result, normal walking speeds were not influenced by smoke. The differences between mean speed of the emergency evacuation and mean speed of the normal walking gradually decrease with increase of the smoke density. Furthermore, we divided smoke density into some sections and drew histogram regarding the evacuation speeds. As a result, it was clarified that speed result of 0.75～2.5m/s is normal distribution in smoke density section of 0.70～0.95m^-1 .