The experiment on the open channel to support understanding the internal/external mixed flow using the water wheel model made by 3D printer

Abstract

In a water channel as an internal flow, the velocity is increasing in where the cross-sectional area is small according to Bernoulli's law. Because of this strong impression, many students of KOSEN misunderstand that the specific energy of flow through a channel with a wide cross-section area on the upstream side is larger than that of it through a channel with a wide cross-sectional area on the downstream side in the internal/external mixed flow.

In this report, the cause of such misunderstandings of the beginners on fluid dynamics or hydraulics is considered through a simple model experiment using an open typed undershot water wheel.