3416 Multiscale Optimum Design of Piezoelectric Materials by Crystallographic Homogenization Method
Details
In order to improve piezoelectric response of polycrystals in a macro scale, micro distribution of crystal orientations was optimized by using multiscale finite element method based crystallographic homogenization theory. As a result, two noteworthy optimum solutions were obtained for micro structure. One is a polycrystalline structure laminated with three specified grains for macro piezoelectric strain constant d_<333>, the other is a polycrystalline structure consisting of two regularly-neighboring grains with specified orientations for d_<311>. As the maximum micro strain occurs by electric and mechanical effects, the optimized micro structures exhibit the highest macro piezoelectricity that is beyond single crystal. Their micro structures are available for piezoelectric ceramics such as BaTiO_3 and Pb (Zr, Ti)O_3, that have the maximum piezoelectric strain constant under off-axis electric field.
