An optical measurement system was used to investigate gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in wetting and poorly wetting circular microchannels of 100 μm diameter. By examining the optical sensor signals from which void fraction and the lengths and velocities of gas slugs and liquid slugs were measured, the effects of wetting on the adiabatic two-phase flow characteristics of nitrogen gas and water were investigated. Besides the flat nose and tail of gas slugs at low gas and liquid flow rates, poorly wetting microchannel showed higher void fraction and shorter length and lower velocities of liquid slugs rather than that in well-wetting microchannel.