Abstract
Anisotropic damage development of hollow particle reinforced composites has been formulated based on equivalent inclusion concept. Macroscopic response of the composite including intact or cracked hollow particles is evaluated by three-dimensional finite element method to investigate the load carrying capacity of the particle, and the way to replace an intact or cracked hollow particle with an equivalent homogeneous particle is examined. Moreover, based on energy balance concept, damage development of hollow particle reinforced composites due to particle fracture is simulated to characterize anisotropic damage development. It is found that damage induced anisotropy is little affected by the hollow ratio whereas it has significant effect on stress-strain response of the composite.
