A new ultrasonic method for measuring two-dimensional temperature distribution on a material surface is presented. The method provides non-contact measurements of surface temperature. The principle of the method is based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) measurements using a laser-ultrasonic technique and its two-dimensional scanning on a material surface. The surface temperature distribution is basically determined by an effective method consisting of SAW measurements and an inverse analysis coupled with a one-dimensional finite difference calculation. The ultrasonic method has been applied to the surface temperature measurement of an steel plate whose single side is being heated. The surface temperature distributions determined by the ultrasonic method almost agree with those measured using an infrared camera.