Proposal of an economically collecting model for reuse of used products in closed-loop supply chains

Abstract

Environmental issues have become a serious problem in the last decade. We have been investigating a closed-loop supply chain model for reuse of used products. This study proposes a new negotiation model for further increasing the reuse of products and, thereby, reducing the waste. A simulation system of closed-loop supply chains is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed negotiation model.