Abstract
Freezing phenomenon of solution including small particle has two special characteristics: (1) the particles are swept from freezing front, (2) the particles are trapped by the progress of freezing. In this paper, behavior of an isolated particle on the freezing front with freezing was investigated theoretically and experimentally. As the force acting on the particle, we considered electric double-layered force, van der Waals force, viscous drag and gravity forces, and proposed a theoretical model considered these forces. The predicted results were compared with the experimental results for electrolytic and non-electrolytic solutions. The critical freezing velocity (the maximum freezing velocity that the particle is swept on the frozen layer) depends on the particle diameter. Also, the critical freezing velocity in electrolytic solution rapidly decreases with the increase of electrolytic concentration on the freezing front.
