Clinical diagnosis and treatment of aphasia

Abstract

Aphasia greatly influences a patient's quality of life (QOL). Recovery from aphasia requires a long time, and improvements in anterior language function can be difficult to achieve. Aphasia is a major obstacle for returning to work and thus can have serious economic consequences.

The diagnosis of aphasia requires a qualitative assessment (classification of type of aphasia) and a quantitative judgment (severity assessment). Importantly, the various symptoms that constitute the pathology of aphasia must be understood when making a qualitative assessment. Quantitative assessments must also be evaluable using a systematic objective test.

The mainstream of aphasia treatment is the classical stimulus–facilitation method. Recently, a cognitive neuropsychological approach, a pragmatic approach, and Melodic Intonation Therapy have also attracted attention as possible therapies. Furthermore, studies on pharmacotherapy and noninvasive therapy for aphasia are proceeding.

The psychosocial study of aphasic persons and their families has become a very important theme. Lately, a depression rating scale and a QOL rating scale for people with aphasia, a family's communication burden scale, and a communication self–efficacy scale have been developed. Clinically, it is important to provide hospitable support to both people with aphasia and their families.