2023 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 359-362
Nearly 200 years after James Parkinson wrote ‘An essay on the shaking palsy’, advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease have led to the development of various therapies. In the early stages of Parkinson disease, pharmacotherapy such as L–dopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO–B inhibitors play a central role in the treatment of motor symptoms. In the advanced stages, when movement complications such as wearing–off and dyskinesia appear, adjunct therapeutics such as COMT inhibitors, zonisamide, and adenosine A2A receptor antagonist are used. When motor complications do not improve adequately with medical therapy alone, device–assisted therapy (DAT) such as deep brain stimulation therapy or Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) infusion therapy may be indicated. In this article, I introduced the recent advances in LCIG therapy.
