Restless–leg syndrome and akathisia―how to manage the patients with regard to psychiatric diseases

Abstract

We reviewed management of restless–leg syndrome (RLS) and akathisia (AKA) with regard to psychiatric diseases. Both disorders comprise motor hyperactivity, numb sensation in the limbs and psychomotor agitation, the difference of occurrence being in the daytime in AKA while in the nighttime in RLS. The underlying mechanism of RLS and AKA remains still unknown ; however, it may include abnormalities not only in dopaminergic pathways but also emotional pathways in the brain. Management of the patients with RLS or AKA should start checking premorbid medications. If dopamine receptor antagonists (for ameliorating psychiatry or gastroenterology diseases) have been used, quit and change them, and it is recommended to start dopaminergic and/or GABAergic medications. Collaboration of neurologists and psychiatrists is recommended to maximize patients' quality of life.