Updates in the medical treatment on Parkinson disease ―Real–world database studies in Japan―

Abstract

In the treatment of Parkinson disease, pharmacotherapy, functional neurosurgery, and exercise–based therapy are recognized as the three pillars of care. Pharmacotherapy remains central, with dopamine replacement therapy continuing as the cornerstone. In recent years, the development of dopamine agonists, dopamine–degrading enzyme inhibitors, and non–dopaminergic agents has expanded the options for personalized treatment strategies. This review systematically examines real–world data from Japan, highlighting current trends in pharmacotherapy utilization and its impact on clinical outcomes. By analyzing these data, we aim to identify opportunities for optimization and explore pathways for advancing future therapies. This approach underscores the importance of evidence–based strategies in closing existing gaps and advancing Parkinson disease management.